Some ideas to get started include:
Specific: Too much territory to cover? Be sure your scope isn’t so broad or so vague that you can’t answer your research question. Can you break a larger task down into smaller items?
Measurable: Establish clear definitions to help you measure (both qualitative and quantitative) if you are reaching your goal.
Action-Oriented: What is your plan of attack? Using action verbs, describe your goals and outline specific steps you will take to accomplish your goal.
Realistic: What are some possible obstacles to this research? Set goals that you will actually be able to accomplish.
Time-Bound: You only have a certain amount of time to complete your research, so plan accordingly. Decide when you will start and finish your project.
From evidence-based medical practice and research, PICOM (Adapted from PICO) could help you formulate your research question by breaking your research down to component parts. Let's take a look at two examples, one from Medicine and one from Education.
PICOM Component: | Example 1 (Medicine) | Example 2 (Education) |
Population | Pre-diabetic young adults | First year students in a small discussion-based100- level sociology class |
Intervention | Continuous glucose monitor (attached to arm for a week) | Open ended reflection questions at the start of class |
Control/Comparison | Traditional Glucose monitor (finger pricking) | Multiple choice poll everywhere questions at the start of class |
Outcome | Lower A1C levels at follow up. | Greater class participation |
Measurement/ Method | Comparison of A1C levels of each group using statistical analysis of depersonalized data. | Instructor reflection following each class on their impression of qualitative and quantitative factors- percent of students who spoke, liveliness of discussion, instructor interventions needed. |
In example 1, our research question had become, "Do pre-diabetic young adults who are given continuous glucose monitors have lower A1C levels at a follow up appointment compared to those who are encouraged to use a traditional glucose monitor?" and we have a rough outline of the types of method we will use.
*Practice putting the parts together for example 2 to identify the research question.
Sometimes, people add additional letters, like T for time (length of intervention/treatment) or S for study (type of study). For example 1, I might specify "a 3 month follow up appointment" to clarify the time of the research.